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The prosopography of ancient Rome is an approach to classical studies and ancient history that focuses on family connections, political alliances, and social networks in ancient Rome.〔''A Companion to Roman Rhetoric'' (Blackwell, 2010), p. 493.〕 The methodology of Roman prosopography involves defining a group for study—often the social ranking called ''ordo'' in Latin, as of senators and equestrians—then collecting and analyzing data. Literary sources provide evidence mainly for the ruling elite. Epigraphy and papyrology are sources that may also document ordinary people, who have been studied in groups such as imperial freedmen, lower-class families, and specific occupations such as wet nurses ''(nutrices)''.〔Susan Treggiari, ''Roman Social History'' (Routledge, 2002), (n.p. )〕 In German scholarship, Friedrich Münzer's many biographical articles for ''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft'' took a prosopographical approach.〔Alexander, "Oratory, Rhetoric, and Politics," p. 103.〕 Matthias Gelzer, one of the founders of prosopographical methodology in relation to ancient Rome, focused on the social institution of patronage and its effects on the Roman political system.〔Michael C. Alexander, "Oratory, Rhetoric, and Politics in the Republic," in ''A Companion to Roman Rhetoric,'' p. 102.〕 Leading 20th-century scholars who wrote in English on the prosopography of the Roman Republic include T.R.S. Broughton, whose three-volume ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'' is a standard reference; Ronald Syme, whose ''Roman Revolution'' (1939) became the basis for later scholars' work on the late Republic and the transition to the Principate; T.P. Wiseman, who has studied in particular the careers and family lines of Romans from the ''municipia'', towns outside Rome; E. Badian, particularly his 1965 work on the trial of Gaius Norbanus; Lily Ross Taylor; and Erich Gruen.〔Alexander, "Oratory, Rhetoric, and Politics in the Republic," pp. 102–103, 108.〕 Other scholars, such as P.A. Brunt, have cautioned against an overreliance on prosopography, particularly the tendency to see court trials as "proxy wars" between political factions rather than as judicial proceedings in pursuit of just outcomes: even bitter enemies such as Cicero and Clodius Pulcher are recorded as testifying on behalf of the same party.〔Alexander, "Oratory, Rhetoric, and Politics," pp. 102–103.〕 ==See also== * ''Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prosopography of ancient Rome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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